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Karakuram Agricultural Research Institute for Northern Areas (KARINA) is located in the Northern Areas which is a far-flung, backward and hard area of Pakistan. This institute is mandated to conduct research in Agriculture and provide technologies to the farmers to enhance the production. KARINA has Trout Research & Multiplication Center, Medicinal Plants Research Unit, Seabuckthorn Research Unit and other for special crops which covered the entire of the Northern Areas.
OBJECTIVES
To conduct and co-ordinate applied and problem solving research for the Northern Areas
To develop and test packages of production technology for crops, fruits, vegetables, livestock, fisheries, land and water, etc. and their transfer to the end-users
To train research staff to upgrade their professional capabilities
To train farmers in technologies developed for the Northern Areas
ACHIEVEMENTS
PRODUCTIVITY
IMPROVEMENT
(Testing, evaluation and selection of high yielding and diseases resistant
cultivars of wheat, maize, fruit, vegetable and forage/fodder). The
following experiments were conducted at KARINA.
Results of NWYT (Normal) at KARINA, Juglote during 2006-07
Twenty entries were tested at KARINA and Chilas during the period mentioned above. Among the entries E-13 gave the highest yield (4222 kg/ha) while entry E-20 has the lowest yield ( 2100 kg/ha)
Results of NUWYT (LATE SEEDING)KARINA during 2006-07
Twenty
entries of this trial were tested both at Chilas and KARINA Juglote
E-20 given highest yield (4000 kg/ha). E-11 had the lowest yield (1700 kg/ha)
National Uniform Maize Varietals Yield trial at KARINA during Spring 2006
Twelve varieties of maize were tested at KARINA Juglote under this trial among them entry number E-5 was highest with yield of (3400 kg/ha).
Testing and evaluation wheat line under climatic condition of Skardu
For testing and evaluation of candidate lines under climatic condition of this area, 8 Entries were received from KARINA and they were grown during summer 2006 at Skardu. Result of experiment has indicated that E.2 and E.6 have given higher grain yield 3.26 and 3.25 t/ha respectively as shown in below table-1. In case of straw yield Maximum yield 10.69 t/ha has produced by E.13 and minimum yield 6.16 t/ha was obtained from E.5
Table, Performance of NUWYT Entries under climatic condition of Skardu
|
Entry |
Av,
PI, height (cm) |
Av. No. of tiller/plant |
Av. No. of grain spike |
Av. Straw yield t/ha |
Av. Grain yield t/ha |
|
E.1 |
76.33 |
3.67 |
32.67 |
8.36 |
1.62 |
|
E.2 |
85.67 |
4.00 |
33.33 |
7.48 |
3.26 |
|
E.3 |
90.33 |
4.00 |
28.67 |
8.43 |
2.20 |
|
E.4 |
80.67 |
3.15 |
32.33 |
7.28 |
2.49 |
|
E.5 |
80.00 |
3.33 |
33.00 |
6.16 |
1.83 |
|
E.6 |
85.00 |
4.40 |
34.33 |
8.46 |
3.25 |
|
E.7 |
95.0081.67 |
4.33 |
30.00 |
9.44 |
2.43 |
|
E.13 |
81.67 |
4.00 |
29.00 |
10.69 |
2.28 |
Testing wheat varieties growing during winter at Gamba, Skardu 2005-06
Five
wheat varieties including local were grown during winter 2005-06 at Gamba on
farmer's field to a promising variety for winter growing of wheat in the area.
Result of this experiment is given below Table-2 Variety suliman-96 gave maximum
grain yield 5.67 t/ha and local variety produced minimum grain yield 2.15 t/ha
respectively, secondly wafaq-2000 gave a higher grain yield 4-20 t/ha
Table-2 production of winter grown wheat varieties in Gamba, Skardu, 2005-06
|
Variety |
Sowing date |
Harv. Date |
PI, height cm |
No.of tiller.PI |
No. of grain/ spike |
Str, yield t/ha |
Grain yield t/ha |
|
Fakher-e-Sarhad |
18.10.05 |
22.6.06 |
88 |
4 |
66 |
8.10 |
3.70 |
|
Suliman-96 |
---- |
20.6.06 |
86 |
5 |
73 |
8.25 |
5.67 |
|
Margalla-99 |
---- |
24.6.06 |
92 |
3 |
65 |
8.65 |
3.60 |
|
Wafaq-2000 |
---- |
20.6.06 |
85 |
4 |
58 |
7.85 |
4.20 |
|
Local |
---- |
28.6.06 |
110 |
2 |
58 |
9.20 |
2.15 |
Results Maize Hybrids Adaptability Trial - Kharif - 2006 at KARINA
In this trial 34 hybrid lines were tested in two replications. The yield of entry number 23 G and 25 H were highest among all.
Effect of various NPK levels on growth and yield of maize mean of data of different parameters.
Effect of various NPK levels on growth and yield of maize mean of data of different parameters
|
Entry |
Plant
height |
No
of plants per plot |
Nos
cobs per plot |
No
of seeds per cabs |
Yield
straw plot 15 m 2 |
|
T1 |
276 |
29.6 |
33 |
537.3 |
5 |
|
T2 |
286 |
36 |
35.33 |
491.3 |
8 |
|
T3 |
308.3 |
39.6 |
38.67 |
492.3 |
9.33 |
|
T4 |
330.3 |
47 |
45 |
476.67 |
9.66 |
|
T5 |
335.3 |
43 |
44.3 |
604 |
12 |
|
T6 |
336.6 |
50.6 |
49.67 |
520.3 |
13.67 |
|
T7 |
333.3 |
44.67 |
45.3 |
630.67 |
16.3 |
|
T8 |
348 |
49.67 |
49 |
494 |
15 |
|
T9 |
328 |
44.67 |
44 |
518 |
10.67 |
|
T10 |
286.6 |
47.33 |
47 |
488 |
9.3 |
|
T11 |
295.6 |
29.33 |
29.6 |
539 |
10.00 |
FODDERS
Performance of different varieties of Alfalfa at KARINA Juglote Northern Areas
The yield data of six alfalfa varieties tested at KARINA is presented in the following table. The yield of the variety Australian TST was highest (14.8 t/ha) fallowed by the variety alfalfa hybrid pioneer (14.1 t/ha) the yield of local variety Bunji was the lowest.
|
S.# |
Nam
e of Varieties |
Annual
fresh w/t. t/h |
Annual
Dry w/t.t/h |
|
1 |
Bunji
local |
23.0 |
6.5 |
|
2 |
Alfalfa Hybrid pioneer (T.ST) |
48.0 |
14.1 |
|
3 |
Alfalfa local Bargo |
40.0 |
10.5 |
|
4 |
Alfalfa Australian T.S.T |
51.5 |
14.8 |
|
5 |
Alfalfa
KN King 77713 |
40.0 |
11.4 |
|
6 |
Sher |
47.5 |
12.9 |
Comparative performance of four different maize cultivars as fodder after wheat crop in Skardu during summer 2006.
To enhance the fodder production, an experiment on production of four maize varieties as fodder after harvesting wheat crop was carried out during summer 2006. Four maize varieties sathi, Afgui, Margalla and a local variety Roundu early were sown on July 9, 2006 and harvested in first week of October, 2006 with out maturing Afgui gave highest fresh fodder production 19 t/ha. Varieties sathi and Margalla produced 16.30 and 14.65 t/ha
Table-4: Comparative performance of four different maize cultivars as fodder after wheat crop in Skardu during.
|
Variety |
Sowing date |
Harv. date |
Plant height (cm) |
Av. No. of cob/plant |
Fresh Fodder yield t/ha |
|
Sathi |
9-7-06 |
6-10-06 |
195 |
3.40 |
16.30 |
|
Afgui |
….. |
6-10-06 |
215 |
4.00 |
19.00 |
|
Margallah |
….. |
8-10-06 |
175 |
3.00 |
14.65 |
|
Roundu |
…… |
26-9-06 |
120 |
3.50 |
9.00 |
VEGETABLE SECTION
The following experiments were conducted on vegetables.
Growth and yield of tomato as affected by different doses of nitrogen and phosphorus in the light textured soil of Juglote.
Table:- The mean value data for plant height No of fruit plant-1 fruit weight, yield plant -1 and yield hactar-1.
|
S.# |
NP
doses |
Plant
height (inches) |
No
of fruits plant-1 |
Fruit
wt. (grams) |
Yield/plant |
Yield
hac/ (tones) |
|
1 |
Control |
11.31
c |
15.44
b |
35.57
d |
549.4
d |
16.48
d |
|
2 |
27.5:
25 |
14.55
b |
18.98
a |
38.47
d1 |
730.2
cd |
21.90
cd |
|
3 |
55
: 50 |
13.87
bc |
21.6
a |
45.24
c |
978.4
b |
29.35
b |
|
4 |
82.5
: 75 |
16.19
ab |
20.04
a |
53.93
b |
1081.0
b |
32.42
b |
|
5 |
110
: 100 |
18.5
8 a |
21.79
a |
67.22
a |
1465
a |
43.95
a |
|
6 |
137.5:
125 |
14.48
b |
15.56
b |
65.40
a |
1081
b |
30.53
b |
|
7 |
165
: 150 |
15.29
b |
15.37
b |
58.11
b |
893.3
bc |
26.80
bc |
|
8 |
192.5
: 175 |
15.16
b |
19.43
a |
37.66
a |
731.9
cd |
21.95
cd |
|
LSD
value |
|
2.818 |
4.43 |
6.18 |
217.16 |
6.525 |
Evaluation of optimum dose of fertilizer and plant spacing for sweet peppers evaluation in Northern Areas.
Table 1 Effect of fertilizer and plant spacing in branches/plant
|
NPK
(Kg/ha)-1 |
Plants
spacing (cm) |
|||
|
45
x 30 |
60
x 45 |
75
x 60 |
Mean |
|
|
Control |
7.27 |
8.72 |
6.54 |
7.51 |
|
75,
50, 30 |
7.34 |
8.43 |
9.83 |
8.53 |
|
100,
70, 50 |
7.39 |
8.00 |
7.45 |
7.61 |
|
125,
90, 70 |
8.11 |
8.00 |
8.77 |
8.63 |
|
150,
110, 90 |
7.83 |
8.89 |
8.50 |
8.41 |
|
Mean |
7.59 |
8.61 |
8.22 |
|
LSD value 5% 1.968 for interaction.
Table:-2: Effect of fertilizer and plant spacing on yield per hectare (tons) in sweet pepper.
|
NPK
(Kg/ha-1 |
Plants
spacing (cm) |
|||
|
45
x 30 |
60
x 45 |
75
x 60 |
Mean |
|
|
Control |
36.68
bc |
34.98
bc |
24.82
c |
32.16
b |
|
75,
50, 30 |
45.90
ab |
41.19
ab |
31.53
bc |
39.54
ab |
|
100,
70, 50 |
37.46
ab |
53.92
a |
33.03
bc |
41.47
a |
|
125,
90, 70 |
43.18
ab |
52.76
a |
33.63
bc |
43.19
a |
|
150,
110, 90 |
44.69
ab |
44.12
ab |
33.81
bc |
40.88
a |
|
Mean |
41.58
ab |
45.39
a |
31.37
b |
|
Response of onion to different level of potassium under soil condition of Skardu
To observe the effect of different level of this important nutrient on onion yield and growth, an experiment was carried out during summer, 2006 Results of the experiment are given in below Table-3. Maximum and minimum height 215 and 120 cm were received by the varieties Agui and local Roundu early, Other two varieties sathi and Marrgalla have got height of 195 and 175 cm.
Table-3 Response of onion to different level of potassium under soil condition of
|
Treatment |
Plant height (cm) |
Bulb weight (gm) |
Bulb diameter (cm) |
Yield t/ha |
|
T1
(130-90.co) |
23 |
180 |
18 |
21.20 |
|
T2
(130-90-50) |
24 |
275 |
20 |
20.00 |
|
T3
(130-90-75) |
23 |
185 |
22 |
22.25 |
|
T4
(130-90-100) |
25 |
178 |
21 |
21.50 |
PULSES
Effect of four different sowing dates on growth and yield of Mash ev. NARC-3 under climatic condition of Skardu.
An experiment on response Mash growth and production to different sowing dates were carried Out at Skardu during summer 2006 to find out sowing time of mash for area Mash NARC-3 was sown from 10th July 2006 with 10 days interval. As shown in below table-5 highest grain yield 1.35 t/ha was obtained when this cultivar was sown on 10th June Grain yield decreased to 0.83, 0.52 and 0.78 t/ha when sown on 20th, 30th and 10th July. 2006. But any different dates. However plants in the plots sown on 10th June produced higher number (20.00) and the plots sown after this date gave 12.00 to 12.60 pods per plant.
Table-5 Response of Mash ev. NARC-3 production and growth to sowing time
|
Sowing
date |
Har.
date |
Av.
PI. Height (cm) |
Av.
No. of pod /plant |
Av.
No. of Grain/pos |
Grain
yield t/ha |
|
10th
June |
10.10.06 |
23.40 |
20.00 |
5.86 |
1.25 |
|
20th
June |
…… |
19.67 |
12.07 |
5.93 |
0.83 |
|
30th
June |
…… |
20.07 |
12.60 |
5.93 |
0.52 |
|
10th
July |
….. |
23.08 |
12.00 |
5.73 |
0.78 |
FRUITS
New varieties of apple, peach, plum, almond, apricot, grapes and cherry collected earlier from various research institutes of Pakistan were management and data was collected.
Apple root stock has been planted in KARINA.
The fruit nurseries at Chilas and Juglote consisting apricot, apple, pear, peach, plum, fig, grape, pomegranate, persimmon etc. were extended and 30000 root stocks was developed which is ready for grafting and budding.
IN LAND FISHERIES
Artificial
breeding of trout fish
Induce spawning trials were conducted during the year 2006-07, to improve trout
production by developing strains of vigorous and rapid growth, resistance to
diseases well adapted to their medium through selective breeding in rainbow
trout brooders.
Methodology
Same experiments were designed based on importance because growth/ survival rate differences are considerable between the trout of same age groups under the same conditions..
Table 1.1: Brood fish groups weighing, 500-1000 gm reared in captivity at TRMC, Juglote.
|
Group
No. |
Total fish |
Eggs
obtained |
Hatching
% |
Average
water temperature (C°) |
Source
of water |
|
1. 2. |
10 10 |
7350 12000 |
62.53 74.95 |
8
– 11 8
-- 11 |
spring spring |
In the above table, hatching percentage of eggs between groups show significant difference, however data on survival/ growth rate of fish as well resistance to diseases will be collected for statistical analysis.
Feed formulation
Five feed formulae i.e. F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 were prepared for the fattening of trout to see the effect on growth rate and survival percentage of trout fish, as well reduction in percent disease and also on the sexual products i-e eggs +milt , to select the most suitable and cost effective diets for trout fattening.
Methodology.
In the same experiment exclusive intensive nature of Rainbow trout (Onchyrinchus
mykiss) was farmed in five Race Ways (Rw1-Rw5)) with a density of No. 600 fish
hatchlings of Feb, 2004 in each Race way of 90x10x3.5 supplying five selected
feeds with more or less same feed ingredients in different ratio's. The
experimental fish stock was fed @ body weight based on water temperature. The
stock was fed twice a day with 40% of total feed at 7 am and remaining 60% at 5
pm in the months of July to November except Sunday throughout six month (July
2006- Nov 2006).From December, to June the whole experimental stock was fed once
a day with 1.5 to 2 % of their body weight at 2 pm at the hours according to
water temperature.
Table 1.2 compositions of experimental Feeds with different ingredients
|
Ingredients |
F1
% |
F2
% |
F3
% |
F4
% |
F5
% |
|
Fish
meal |
50 |
45 |
40 |
35 |
30 |
|
Meat
meal |
5.2 |
- |
6 |
7 |
6 |
|
Bone
meal D.C.P |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
Soy
bean meal |
6 |
8 |
8 |
6 |
8 |
|
Sun
flower meal |
6 |
8 |
10 |
12 |
--- |
|
Dry
skim milk |
2 |
3 |
-- |
3 |
3 |
|
Wheat
flour |
8 |
10 |
10 |
12 |
10 |
|
Wheat
bran |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
|
Vit.c |
0.075 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Vit.
premix |
0.075 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Feeding
oil |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
Cholin
chloride |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
|
BHT |
0.001 |
0.001 |
0.001 |
0.01 |
0.001 |
|
Salt |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Corn
gluten |
10 |
12 |
10 |
-- |
14 |
|
Cotton
seed |
5 |
--- |
3 |
12 |
14 |
Table 1.3 cost of production through utilizing experimental feeds.
|
Experimental
feeds |
Price
of feed/ kg |
FCR |
Price
of trout Production/
kg |
|
F1 |
30.60 |
2.19 |
67.01 |
|
F2 |
29.75 |
3.23 |
96.09 |
|
F3 |
26.40 |
4.2 |
106.12 |
|
F4 |
26.71 |
4.59 |
122.59 |
|
F5 |
27.51 |
2.45 |
67.39 |
Table 1.4 mortality observed under experimental feeds
|
Experimental
feeds |
Stocking
density/ Race
way |
%
mortality |
%
survival |
|
F1 |
600 |
7 |
93.00 |
|
F2 |
600 |
10 |
90.00 |
|
F3 |
600 |
7 |
90.00 |
|
F4 |
600 |
10 |
90.00 |
|
F5 |
600 |
5 |
95.00 |
Acceding to the above-mentioned data in the table i-e FCR, weight gain that F1 and F5 has given desired results for fattening of Trout to enhance the growth rate of fish. Data on the potency of sexual products, hatching percentage of eggs and survival rate of fry under two selected feeds will also be collected during the coming breeding season for further analysis.
HIGH VALUE AGRICULTURE
Promotion of Olive cultivation in the Northern Areas, Domestication and Commercialization of Medicinal plants and research and development on Seabuckthorn in the Northern Areas.
Experiments which were conducted in twenty locations in each valley of the Northern Areas with ten varieties of olive in order to select the high yielding varieties were managed and data was recorded for the year 2006-07. This experiment will further continue for a couple of years.
The medicinal herbs experiments and demonstration trials were carried out in various locations of Northern Areas during this year. Some selected species whose production technology was developed at KARS Astore were also planted at farmers fields in Astore valley.
Black Zera (bonium persicum) have been successfully cultivated. The methodology of its cultivation has been developed and verified that it gives grain yield of 1 t/ha. Further research on various parameters is continued.
The product preparation of Seabuckthorn at Gahkuch is continured this year. Improvement was made in value addition and packing of oil, pulp, jam, squash, jelly, marmalade, shampoo, cream, talcum powder, chocklet, capsule, SBT cola, vinegar etc. trainings to communities was also imparted.
Contact Person:
| Mr. Rash Khan | Chief Scientific Officer |
| Mailing Address | Jaglot, Gilgit, Pakistan |
| Telephone No | Call Booking (50) |
| E-mail Address | rehma@equinox.isb.sdnpk.org |
