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Water Resources

What are the latest techniques for water management and conservation?
Ans.
- Raised-bed irrigation method.
- Zero tillage technology.
- Plantation on contours on slopping lands.
- Deep tillage for enhancing water intake/penetration.

Which are the measures recommended to overcome water shortage for irrigation?
Ans.
- Development of storage reservoirs/dams.
- Light application of pre-sowing irrigation with raingun sprinkler for sowing of crops at recommended time.
- Use of supplemental irrigation to save crop from complete damage/failure.
- Use of deficit irrigation instead of complete irrigation.
- Leveling of fields for light and uniform irrigation.
- Deep tillage for in-situ conservation of rainwater.

What are the new technologies developed by PARC for improved irrigation?
Ans.
- Drip/sprinkler irrigation system indigenized for cost reduction.
- Raised bed plantation/sowing of crops.
- Land leveling coupled with deep tillage and balanced nutrient application.
- Lining of water courses with PE sheets.

What is the role of sprinkler and drip irrigation systems in water conservation?
Ans.
- Sprinkler and drip irrigation systems can apply required amounts of irrigation whereas in surface irrigation light and 
  uniform irrigation is difficult.
- Sowing of crops at right time with small quantity of water is possible with sprinkler and drip irrigation systems.
- Crop damages due to high temperature and frost can be controlled.
- The leveling of fields is not required.
- The sandy and undulating un-commanded areas can be brought under crops.
- The quality of fruits and their yields can be improved.
- Uniform application of water, fertigation and chemigation can be done by sprinkler and drip irrigation systems.

What are the major recommendations for efficient use and better management of water?
Ans.
- Application of irrigation according to consumptive use of water.
- Deep tillage for easy intake of irrigation water.
- Application of balanced nutrients and organic matter.
- Use of drip/sprinklers in water-stressed areas.

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