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Sugar Crops

 

How many varieties have been developed by PARC and which are the varieties recommended for general cultivation?
Ans. The following 25 sugarcane varieties have been developed and released for commercial cultivation in Pakistan through National Coordinated Research Program of PARC:

Variety

Year of Release

Maturity

Cane Yield (t ha-1)

Sugar Recovery (%)

For Punjab

 

 

 

 

SPSG-26

1996

Early

98

10.5

CP-43-33

1996

Early

80

11.7

CP-72-2086

1996

Early

85

12.4

CP-77-400

1996

Early

90

11.9

CPF-237

2000

Early

95

12.5

SPF-213

2000

Mid

100

11.0

HSF-240

2002

Early

95

11.7

SPF-234

2002

Early

100

11.6

SPF-245

2004

Early

100

11.0

HSF-242

2006

Early

108

12.4

For Sindh

 

 

 

 

Ghulabi-95

1995

Early

150

11.0

NIA-98

1998

Mid

180

10.5

Thatta- 10

2004

Early

180

11.0

NIA-2004

2004

Early

150

10.0

LRK-2001

2005

Early

200

11.0

For NWFP

 

 

 

 

CPM-13

1989

Early

70

12.5

CO-1321

1989

Early

70

12.0

Mardan-92

1992

Mid

100

12.0

Mardan -93

1993

Early

100

12.5

CP-77-400

1996

Early

80

12.7

Jn.88/1

1996

Early

70

12.7

Abid-96

1996

Early

70

12.5

SN-98

1998

Early

72

12.2

MCP-421

2003

Mid

80

12.5

Mardan-2005 

2005

Early

90

12.2

 

Which are the recommended fertilizers and their doze per acre?

Ans.


 Which are the sources of seed availability?

Ans. Nearest sugar mills, research institutes/stations

 

Which are the major diseases and how these can be controlled?

Ans. Red rot, whip smut, sugarcane mosaic virus, red strip of sugarcane, sugarcane rust and pokka boeng are the major diseases of sugarcane in Pakistan and can cause sever losses in sugarcane yield and production and reduce cane quality.

Approaches for control of these diseases must be collective and integrated. The following measures can help farmers to keep their sugarcane crop free from epidemics:

       ·      Use of resistant varieties

       ·      Regular rouging of diseased causes and burning of diseased plant parts or debris.

       ·      Hot water treatment at 50-55o C for 25-30 minutes.

       ·      Seed Chemical treatment before sowing with fungicides (Vitavex, Diaathane-M35)

 

What are the major recommendations for farmers to improve sugarcane/ sugarbeet  production?

Ans. Salient feature of Sugarcane Production Technology:

Ø   Land preparation

a)      Mould board ploughing (1) or disc harrowing (2)

b)      Rotavator (1)

c)      Tine cultivation with planking (2-3)

   Note:    a) Use sub-soiler after 3-4 years

   b) Precise land leveling

Ø   Planting time

a)      Autumn (September)

b)      Spring (February – March)

Ø   Planting method

a)      Dry planting

b)      “Wattar” planting

c)      Trench Planting

i.  Height of ridges (7-8 inches)

ii. Row spacing (120 cm)

Ø   Cane seed rate

a)      30 thousand two budded sets acre-1,

b)      80-100 maunds cane setts acre-1 (thin variety)

c)      100-120 maunds cane setts acre-1 (thick variety)

Ø   Cane variety

•   For Punjab:

SPSG-26, CP-43-33, CP-72-2086, CP-77-400, CPF-  237, SPF-213, HSF-240, SPF-234, SPF-245, HSF-242

 

•   For Sindh:   

Ghulabi-95, NIA-98, Thatta-10, NIA-2004, LRK-2001

 

•   For NWFP:

Mardan-92, Mardan -93, CP-77-400, Jn.88/1, Abid-96, SN-98, MCP-421, SPSG-394, Mardan-2005 

Ø   Earthing up

2-3 times (April-June)

Ø   Fertilization

Ø    NPK

Ø    Bags

       70-90 Kg N + 46 Kg P2O5 + 50 Kg K2O acre-1  

       3-4 bags Urea + 2 bags DAP + 2 bags SOP acre-1

Ø   Application method

        a)     2 Bags DAP & 2 bags SOP at planting

        b)     1.5 bags Urea at completion of germination and 1.5 bags Urea at
       completion of tillering.

Ø   Irrigation

  • 16-20 irrigation (64-80 acre inches):

 

a)      March-April =        12-14 days (4 irrigations)

b)      May-June   =          8-10 days (6 irrigations)

c)      July-August=          12-14 days (4 irrigations)

d)      Sep-October=        15-20 days (3 irrigations)

e)      Nov.-Dec.  =           25-30 days (2 irrigations)