SESAME
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Sesame (Till) is grown in about 70 countries of the world. It is cultivated successfully in 26 and 24 countries of Africa and Asia, respectively. In Pakistan, it is grown in 65 districts as irrigated as well as rainfed crop. During 2001-2002, it was cultivated on an area of 136,000 hectares with national average seed yield of 513 kg/ha whereas area under this crop was 90,700 ha with total production of 41,000 tons and yield of 452 kg/ha in 2008-09. Its seed contain 50-60 percent oil and 22 percent protein. Its oil is semi-drying type and suitable for human health. Its seed is mostly used in confectionary items whereas; good quality oil is also used for medicinal purposes. |
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Keeping its importance in view, development of varieties with high yield potential and oil content is a need of the day. Evaluation of available germplasm (varieties/lines) is a continuous activity of various breeding programs of different provincial as well as Federal Research Institutes.
The promising accessions /lines are submitted by the plant breeders for their varied agro-ecological testing and yield performance under the system of National Uniform Yield Trials (NUYT).
|
Year |
Punjab |
Sindh |
NWFP |
Balochistan |
Pakistan |
|
(Area'000'hectares) |
|||||
|
2000-01 |
98.0 |
1.5 |
0.6 |
0.9 |
101.0 |
|
2001-02 |
131.7 |
2.5 |
0.5 |
0.9 |
135.6 |
|
2002-03 |
83.9 |
2.5 |
0.3 |
1.2 |
87.9 |
|
2003-04 |
53.6 |
4.6 |
0.3 |
1.2 |
59.7 |
|
2004-05 |
63.5 |
1.7 |
0.2 |
1.1 |
66.5 |
|
2005-06 |
75.1 |
3.4 |
0.1 |
3.4 |
82.0 |
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2006-07 |
64.9 |
2.8 |
0.2 |
3.5 |
71.4 |
|
2007-08 |
65.5 |
7.3 |
0.3 |
3.3 |
76.4 |
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2008-09 |
75.8 |
7.7 |
0.2 |
7.0 |
90.7 |
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(Production '000' tonnes) |
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2000-01 |
49.5 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
50.7 |
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2001-02 |
68.1 |
0.7 |
0.2 |
0.6 |
69.6 |
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2002-03 |
17.4 |
0.9 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
19.2 |
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2003-04 |
22.1 |
1.6 |
0.2 |
0.8 |
24.7 |
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2004-05 |
28.3 |
0.6 |
0.1 |
0.8 |
29.8 |
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2005-06 |
31.6 |
1.4 |
0.1 |
2.0 |
35.1 |
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2006-07 |
26.9 |
1.3 |
0.1 |
2.1 |
30.4 |
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2007-08 |
27.5 |
3.2 |
0.2 |
1.9 |
32.8 |
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2008-09 |
33.0 |
3.5 |
0.1 |
4.4 |
41.0 |
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(Yield in Kgs per hectare) |
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|
2000-01 |
505 |
267 |
500 |
556 |
502 |
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2001-02 |
517 |
274 |
492 |
630 |
513 |
|
2002-03 |
208 |
340 |
605 |
625 |
219 |
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2003-04 |
412 |
358 |
610 |
635 |
413 |
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2004-05 |
446 |
353 |
500 |
727 |
448 |
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2005-06 |
421 |
412 |
1000 |
588 |
428 |
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2006-07 |
414 |
464 |
500 |
600 |
426 |
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2007-08 |
420 |
438 |
667 |
576 |
429 |
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2008-09 |
435 |
455 |
500 |
629 |
452 |
Source: Agri. Statistics of Pakistan, 2008-09
Promising Lines of Oilseeds Research Program
|
Variety |
Yield potential (kg/ha) |
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SG-27 |
900 |
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SG-51 |
1000 |
Sesame Varieties Recommended under NUYT System
|
Variety |
Institute |
Year of release |
Yield potential (kg/ha) |
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Til-89 |
ORI, Faisalabad |
1990 |
500-600 |
|
TS-3 |
ORI, Faisalabad |
2000 |
700-800 |
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TH-6 |
ORI, Faisalabad |
2009 |
800-900 |
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Soil: Light sandy and medium loam acid free soils are more suitable
Seedbed Preparation: 2-3 ploughings with1-2 planking
Planting Time: Punjab 1st July to 31st July
Sindh 15th June to 15th July
NWFP 15th June to 31st July
Balochistan 1st July to 31st July
Seed Rate:
a) Line sowing 5 kg/ha (2 kg per acre)
b) Broadcasting 8 kg/ha (3 kg per acre)
Method of Planting Row to row distance 45 cm
Plant to plant distance 10 cm
Seed depth 2 to 2.5 cm.
Fertilizer: Nitrogen 50 kg/ha
Phosphorus 60 kg/ha
Irrigations: 3-4 irrigation at 15-20 days after sowing(DAS).
Second irrigation 30-40 DAS.
Third irrigation at the time of flowering
Thinning and Hoeing After 10-15 days single out the weak and diseases plants
by keeping 10 cm spacing between plants
Two hoeings: 15-20 days and 30 days after germination.
Harvesting: Sesame crop matures in about 100-=120 days.
Harvest when 75 % capsules mature and turn yellow
Stack the bundles keeping the pods upward
Threshing: Dry for one week and then collect the seed just by inverting the plants
Focal Person:
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Dr. Muhammad Yasin Mirza, PSO |
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Tel: |
051-8443568 |
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