RAPESEED

Area, Production  and Yield of Rapeseed And Mustard

The rapeseed (Toria, Sarson and Canola/Gobi Sarson) and mustard (Raya, Peela raya and Taramira) are traditional oilseed crops and are being grown in this region for centuries. The crop was grown on an area of about 272,100 ha with a production of 230,000 tons annually with average yield of 812 kg/ha.

Province wise Area, Production and Yield of Rapeseed/Mustard and Canola Crops in Pakistan

Source: Agriculture Statistics of Pakistan, 2008-09

 CANOLA

 Rapeseed-mustard is a traditional crop of Pakistan. The oil extracted from indigenous varieties of rapeseed-mustard is not being used in the manufacture of vegetable ghee or as vegetable oil because of high erucic acid (40-70% in oil) which is harmful to human health. Canola belongs to a rapeseed group (Brassica napus L.). It is a future hope of Pakistan as it can play a significant role for the enhancement of edible oil production in the country. It is infect simply a variety of rapeseed with certain defined characteristics especially low erucic acid in oil and low glucosinolates in oilseed cake. Canola oil contains no cholesterol and low erucic oils are nutritional more desirable for human health. The best soils for the production of canola are those that have good tilth, medium texture, relatively deep top soil with good nutrient supply.

ACHIEVEMENTS

Although rapeseed and mustard produce respectable quantity of oil but limited quantity is being used by ghee and feed industry mainly due to high erucic acid in oil and toxic sulphur compound (Glucosinolate) in the meal. Canola are specially bred rapeseed varieties, high yielding  with low in erucic acid and oilseed cake (meal) low in glucosinolate. The oil extracted from canola varieties is nutritionally more desirable for human health and meal is better animal feed particularly for poultry. Research and development efforts of Oilseeds Research Programme have made tangible achievements in rapeseed/canola and mustard:

Rapeseed /Mustard Varieties/Hybrid Developed at NARC

Rapeseed-Mustard Varieties recommended under NUYT System

Development of Canola Quality Mustard

Mustard is the dominating Brassica species, grown on about 65% of total rapeseed and mustard area. This have high yield potential, early maturity, resistance to plant lodging and seed shattering, tolerance to heat and drought. In addition, mustard species are resistance to deadly disease "blackleg" and less attractive to injurious pest  "aphids". In spite of these advantages, indigenous mustard varieties contain high erucic acid in the oil and glucosinolates in the meal. Therefore, oil from these cultivars is not palatable to the most consumers. Therefore, the canola quality traits has been incorporated into the locally adopted mustard varieties and are under advance testing stages.

TECHNICAL INTERVENTIONS

Ø                Adequate production of quality seed of canola for planting

Ø                Development of production technology and its dissemination to the growers

Ø                Development of new farm machinery for canola and improvement of existing machinery to make it more efficient.

Ø                Pre and post harvest management of canola to  minimize losses

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF RAPESEED AND MUSTARD

Irrigated Areas

Soil: All soil types suitable except water logged and acidic soils with high Alumunium and Manganese

                        Seedbed Preparation:  2 – 3 ploughings + 1-2 planking

                        Planting time:                  North Punjab             =              1^st October to 31^st October

                                                                South Punjab             =              15^th October to 15^th November

                                                                NWFP                       =              Mid September to Mid October

                                                                Sindh                         =              Mid October to Mid November

                                                                Balochistan                =              Mid October to Mid November

                        Seed Rate:                      Line sowing                 =              4-5 kg/ha

                                                                Broadcast                   =              5-6 kg/ha

                        Method of Planting:         Row to row distance     =              30-45 cm

                                                                Plant to plant distance  =              4-5 cm

                                                                Seed depth                  =              2-3 cm

                        Fertilizer:                         Nitrogen                      =              90 kg/ha

                                                                Phosphorus (P₂O₅)      =              60 kg/ha

                                                                Potash                        =              50 kg/ha

                        Irrigations:                       3-4   irrigations (depending upon rains)

                                                                -               1^st irrigation 30-45 days after germination

                                                                -               2^nd irrigation of bud formation

                        3^rd  at the time of flowering

                        4^th at the time of seed filling

                        Aphid Control: Spray  Master 60 SL            @ 1000 to 1500 ml/ha

                                                or Lorsben 40 EC  @ 700  to 1000 ml /ha

                        Weeding:        One hoeing manually or by tractor  (if possible hoeing before 2^nd irrigation)

                      Harvesting:      Matures in 160-190 days, harvest when 30-40% seeds matures and turn brown /yellow

                        Threshing:      Sundry for 8-10 days and then thresh

                        Drying & Storage:      Dry seed upto 8-10% moisture level and store at dry places

Rainfed Areas

                      Soil: All soil types suitable except water logged and acidic soils with high Alumunium and Manganese

                      Seedbed Preparation:1 Deep ploughing before monsoon  2-3 ploughings + 102 plankings

                      Planting time:              North Punjab                     =              1^st October to 31^st October

                                                          South Punjab                    =              15^th October to 15^th November

                                                          NWFP                              =              Mid September to Mid October

                                                          Sindh                               =              Mid October to Mid November

                                                          Balochistan                      =              Mid October to Mid November

                        Seed Rate:                Line sowing                       =              4-5 kg/ha

                                                          Broadcast                         =              5-6 kg/ha

                        Method of Planting:   Row to row distance          =              30-45 cm

                                                          Plant to plant distance       =              4-5 cm

                                                          Seed depth                       =              2-3 cm

                        Fertilizer:                   Nitrogen                           =              90 kg/ha

                                                          Phosphorus (P₂O₅)           =              60 kg/ha

                                                          Potash                             =              50 kg/ha

                        Aphid Control:           Spray  Master 60 SL @ 1000 to 1500 ml/ha

                                                          or Lorsben 40 EC  @ 700  to 1000 ml /ha

                        Weeding:                   One hoeing manually or by tractor  (if possible hoeing

                                                          before 2^nd irrigation)

                        Harvesting:  Matures in 160-190 days, harvest when 30-40% seeds matures and turn brown /yellow

                        Threshing:   Sundry for 8-10 days and then thresh

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