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NARC, Islamabad

INTRODUCTION 

There is less established cropping system for oilseed crops in the country. The major crops in the existing system are wheat, cotton, rice and maize. However, some pockets for sunflower such as rice-sunflower-rice and cotton-sunflower-cotton are emerging in all the provinces. Currently, 748 thousand ha of the total cropped area is under oilseed crops.

 

Pakistan has been constantly and chronically deficient in edible oil production. At present, about 70% of the domestic requirements are met through imports. Since early 1970s its import increased at the rate of 12.5% annually and the trend will further not only continue but will also get worsen with increase in population. However, efforts have been made to increase its local production. The area under oilseed crops during 1990-91 was 473,000 ha with the production of 3650,000 tones, which was 748,000 ha producing 4767,000 tones in 2008-09. Sunflower and Canola with high oil yield per unit area have emerged major oilseed crops and have the potential to narrow the gap between production and consumption of edible oil.

 

Sunflower

Rapeseed - Mustard

Sesame

Groundnut

Linseed 

Safflower

Soybean

Castor

 

Domestic production of edible oil during 2000-01 was 642 thousand tons which substantially decreased to 475 thousand tons in 2002-03. It increased gradually and reached to 565 thousand tons during 2008-09 (Table 1) due to canola and sunflower plantation on a considerable area.

 

Table 1. Share of domestic production and import in total availability of edible oil in Pakistan.

Year

Domestic production

(000' t)

Import

 

(000' t)

Total availability

(000' t)

Import as

% of total availability

Value

 

Rs in Billion

2000-01

642

1144

1786

64

19.04

2001-02

497

1197

1694

65

24.03

2002-03

475

1293

1756

66

34.29

2003-04

494

1361

1855

67

37.91

2004-05

583

1605

2093

66

44.98

2005-06

510

1696

2205

69

44.21

2006-07

565

1787

2289

78

59.51

2007-08

588

2700

3288

82

136.8

2008-09

565

2489

3054

82

142.1

      Source: Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan, 2008-09

Share of Major Crops

In domestic production, major share comes from cottonseed contributing 53% of local production. Sunflower contributes 33%, rapeseed-mustard (9%) and canola contributes 5%. Sunflower, rapeseed-mustard and canola are the potential crops, which can fulfill some requirements of edible oil in the country (Table-2).

 

Table 2.          Share of major oilseed crops in local edible oil production

 

Crop

2008-09

 

% Share

Area

Production

(000 ha)

Seed (000 tons)

Oil (000 tons)

Cottonseed

2820

3015

362

52.92

Rapeseed- Mustard

234

188

62

9.07

Sunflower

376

598

227

33.18

Canola

70

88

33

4.83

Total

3500

3889

684

100

Source:        Economic Survey of Pakistan, 2009-10

 

In Pakistan mainly two types of oilseed crops are grown i.e., traditional (rapeseed-mustard, groundnut, sesame and linseed) and non-traditional (sunflower, safflower, soybean). The area under these crops remained almost stagnant with minor fluctuations except sunflower, rapeseed and mustard (especially canola) and sesame which showed a considerable increase in area, production and yield per unit area during the last 10 years. During 2008-09, traditional and non-traditional oilseed crops were grown on 50% and 50% respectively of the total oilseed area (Table-3).

 

 Table 3.  Area, production and yield of different oilseed crops during 2008-09

Crop

Area (000 ha)

Production (000 tons)

Yield (kg/ha)

Sunflower

319.743

420.487

1315

Rapeseeds-mustard

244.9

198.9

812

Groundnut

92.8

85.5

921

Sesame

90.7

41.0

452

Linseed

5.432

3.656

673

Safflower

0.073

0.065

890

Source:     Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan, 2008-09

 

Yield Potential

Big gaps exist between potential yield and national average yield of various oilseed crops. About 78% of the yield potential has not yet been achieved in rapeseed-mustard, 77% in groundnut, 69% in sunflower, 62% in sesame, 73% in linseed and 70% safflower (Table 4). However, the progressive farmers are already achieving more than 70% of the yield potential indicating that there is a large scope for vertical increase in oilseed production through the use of proper crop management practices.

 

Table 4.   Production potential and yield gap of different oilseed crops.

Crop

Yield potential

(kg/ha)

Average yield (kg/ha)

Yield gap

(kg/ha)

Unachieved potential (%)

Sunflower

4200

1315

2885

69

Rapeseed-Mustard

3700

812

2888

78

Groundnut

4000

921

3079

77

Sesame

1200

452

748

62

Linseed

2500

673

1827

73

Safflower

3000

890

2110

70

Source:  Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan, 2008-09

 

FACILITIES

Oilseeds Research Program has following facilities at NARC:

SERVICES

Oilseeds Research Program extends following services to public as well as private organizations:

Research

Extension

Extends advisory services to farming community on oilseed production/protection issues from time to time. In addition, farmers’ are also given awareness about the improved production technology of oilseed crops in field days and through print and electronic (Sohni Dharti) media.

 

Education

CURRENT RESEARCH

Objectives

On-going activities

a) Coordination

b) Research

 ECOLOGICAL ZONES OF OILSEED CROPS IN PAKISTAN

 Different Ecological Zones of Rapeseed/Mustard and Sunflower 

Zone

Region

Rapeseed-Mustard

Sunflower

1

Uplands of Balochistan

Chagai, Dere Bughti

Pisin, Loralai, Chagai,  Kela Saifullah,

2

Plains and foothills of Balochistan

Nasirabad, Kocchi, Sibi, Lasbella

Nasirabad, Kocchi, Mastang

3

Southern region of Sindh

Thatta, Badin, Hydrabad, Naushero Feroze and Southern parts of Dadu

Thatta, Badin. Hydrabad,. Naushero Feroze and Southern parts of Dadu

4

Northern region of Sindh

Nawabshah, Khairpur, Larkana, Sukkar, Jacobabad, Shikarpur, Sanghar, Ghorki and Northern parts of Dadu

Nawabshah, Khairpur, Larkana, Sukkar, Jacobabad, Shikarpur, Sanghar, Ghorki and Northern parts of Dadu

5

Southern Panjub

Rahim Yar Khan, Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar, D.G. Khan, Rajanpur, Layyah, Bhakkar, Muzaffargharh, Vehari, Multan, Lodhran, Khanewal

Rahim Yar Khan, Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar, D.G. Khan, Rajanpur, Layyah, Bhakkar, Muzaffargharh, Vehari, Multan, Lodhran, Khanewal

6

Central Punjab

Sahiwal, Okara, Faisalabad, Jhang, T.T. Singh, Kasur, Sheikhpura, Khushab and Southern parts of Sargodha and Mianwali

Faisalabad, Kasur, Sheikhpura, and Southern parts of Sargodha and Mianwali

 

7

Northern Punjab

Northern parts of Sargodha and Mianwali, Gujarnwala, Hafizabad, Gujrat, Mandi Bahaudin, Sialkot, Narowal, Jhelum. Chakwal, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Attock, Chamb and Mirpur distrists of Azid Jummu and Kashmir

Gujarnwala, Hafizabad, Gujrat, Mandi Bahaudin, Sialkot, Narowal, Jhelum, Attock

8

Southern Parts of NWFP

D.I. Khan, Bannu

D.I. Khan

9

Foothills and Plains of NWEP

Peshawar, Swabi, Bajour Agency

Mardan, Swabi

10

Upland of NWFP

Dir, Swat, Bajour Agency

-

11

Foothills of Azad Kashmir

-

-

12

Upland of Azad Kashmir

-

-

 

ECOLOGICAL ZONES OF OILSEED CROPS IN PAKISTAN

Different Ecological Zones of Groundnut and Sesame

Zone

Region

Groundnut

Sesame

1

Uplands of Balochistan

-

-

2

Plains and foothills of Balochistan

-

Nasirabad, KAcchi, Sibi, Lasbella and Turbat

3

Southern region of Sindh

-

Thatta, Badin. Hydrabad,. Naushero Feroze, Dady and Mirpur Khas

4

Northern region of Sindh

Sanghar

Nawabshah, Khairpur, Sukkar, Jacobabad, Shikarpur, Sanghar, Ghorki and Northern parts of Dadu

5

Southern Panjub

Bahawalpur, Layyah, Bhakkar

Rahim Yar Khan, Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar, D.G. Khan, Rajanpur, Layyah, Bhakkar, Muzaffargharh, Vehari, Multan,  Khanewal

6

Central Punjab

Faisalabad and Mianwali, Khushab, Jhang

Faisalabad, Okara, Sahiwal, Jhang, T.T. Singh, Kasur, Sheikhpura, and Southern parts of Sargodha

 

7

Northern Punjab

Rawalpindi, Jhelum, Attock, Chakwal

Sargodha, Gujranwala, Hafizabad, Gujrat, Mandi Bahaudin, Sialkot, Narowal, Jhelum, Chakwal, Rawalpindi and Attock

8

Southern Parts of NWFP

D.I. Khan southern part, Kohat, Karak

D.I. Khan, Karak and Kohat

9

Foothills and Plains of NWEP

Swabi, Northern part of Kohat and Karak

Swabi, Charsadda, Mardan, Haripur and half part of northern Karak and Kohat

10

Upland of NWFP

Malakand Division

Mansehra

11

Foothills of Azad Kashmir

-

-

12

Upland of Azad Kashmir

-

-

 

PUBLICATIONS

 

SCIENTIFIC STAFF

 

S. No.

Name

Field of Expertise

Position

1.

Dr. Muhammad Amjad

Entomology

PSO/Coordinator

2.

Dr. Abdul Rashid

Plant Breeding Genetics

Principal Scientific Officer

3.

Mr. Mukhtar Ahmad Khan

Weed Science

Principal Scientific Officer

4.

Dr. Muhammad Yasin Mirza

Plant Breeding Genetics

Principal Scientific Officer

5.

Mr. Malik Shah Nawaz

Agronomy

Principal Scientific Officer

6.

Mr. Zaheer Ahsan

Biochemistry

Principal Scientific Officer

7.

Dr. Muhammad Ayub Khan

Plant Breeding Genetics

Principal Scientific Officer

8.

Dr. Muhammad Arshad

Plant Genetics

Senior Scientific Officer

9.

Dr. Syeda Nasrin

Biochemistry

Senior Scientific Officer

10.

Mr. Nazakat Nawaz

Agronomy

Senior Scientific Officer

11.

Mr. Doulat Baig

Agronomy

Senior Scientific Officer

12.

Mr. Mubashir Ahmad Khan

Plant Breeding Genetics

Scientific Officer

13.

Dr. Ihsan-ul-Haq

Entomology

Scientific Officer

14.

Dr. Tahira

Plant Breeding Genetics

Scientific Officer

 

 

Resource Person:

 

Dr. Muhammad Amjad, Coordinator

dramjad57@yahoo.com

Tel:

 051-9255198, 0307-5117676

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